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In systemic functional grammar (SFG), a nominal group is a group of words which expresses an entity, for example "''The nice old English police inspector who was sitting at the table'' is Mr Morse". Grammatically here, "The nice old English police inspector who was sitting at the table" functions as a nominal group and acts like the subject of the sentence. A ''nominal group'' is widely regarded as synonymous to noun phrase in other grammatical models,〔David Crystal, 2008. ''A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics'', 6th edition, p 328: ''nominal group = ‘noun phrase’''.〕〔Butler, Downing, & Lavid, 2007. ''Functional perspectives on grammar and discourse: in honour of Angela Downing'', p xxi: ''the nominal group Halliday's term for the noun phrase)''; p 165: ''the English nominal group (aka noun phrase)''〕 although the coiner of the term, Halliday, and some of his followers draw a theoretical distinction between the terms ''group'' and ''phrase''. He argues that "A phrase is different from a group in that, whereas a group is an expansion of a word, a phrase is a contraction of a clause".〔Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004 An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold: p311.〕 Halliday borrowed the term ''group'' from the linguist/classicist Sydney Allen.〔Halliday, M.A.K. 2005. Studies in the English Language. Volume 7 in the Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday. Edited by J.J.Webster. London and New York: Continuum. p xvi.〕 ==The rank scale in SFG== SFG postulates a ''rank scale'', in which the highest unit is the clause and the lowest is the morpheme. The intermediate units are groups/phrases, and words. Each unit of scale is said to consist of one or more units of the rank below.〔Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.Arnold: p9〕 At group/phrase rank, Halliday proposes also the "verbal group", the "adverbial group", and the "prepositional phrase". The term 'nominal' in 'nominal group' was adopted because it denotes a wider class of phenomena than the term ''noun''.〔 Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold; p. 320.〕 The nominal group is a structure which includes nouns, adjectives, numerals and determiners. The term ''noun'' has a narrower purview. Formal linguists recruit the term ''noun phrase'' for their grammatical descriptions. Given the significant differences in the theoretical architecture in functionalist and formalist theories, the terms must be seen to be doing quite different descriptive work. For instance, these group/phrase elements are re-interpreted as functional categories, in the first instance as ''process'', ''participant'' and ''circumstance'', with the nominal group as the pre-eminent structure for the expression of participant roles in discourse.〔Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 1999. Construing experience through meaning: a language-based approach to cognition. London and New York: Continuum.〕 Within Halliday's functionalist classification of this structure, he identifies the functions of Deictic, Numerative, Epithet, Classifer and Thing. The word classes which typically realise these functions are set out in the table below: Within a clause, a nominal group functions as though it is that noun, which is referred to as the ''head''; the items preceding the head are called the ''premodifiers'', and the items after it the ''qualifier''.〔Halliday MAK and Mattheison C (2004) ''Introduction to functional grammar'', 3rd ed., London, Hodder Arnold, 311–12〕 In the following example of a nominal group, the head is bolded. :Those five beautiful shiny Jonathan apples sitting on the chair English is a highly nominalised language, and thus lexical meaning is largely carried in nominal groups. This is partly because of the flexibility of these groups in encompassing premodifiers and qualification, and partly because of the availability of a special resource called the thematic equative, which has evolved as a means of packaging the message of a clause in the desired thematic form〔Halliday MAK (1985/94) ''Spoken and written language'', Deakin University Press, 72〕 (for example, the clause (attracts her to the course ) is (depth of understanding it provides ) is structured as (group A ) = (group B )). Many things are most readily expressed in nominal constructions; this is particularly so in registers that have to do with the world of science and technology, where things, and the ideas behind them, are multiplying and proliferating all the time.〔Halliday MAK (1985/94) ''Spoken and written language'', Deakin University Press, 73〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nominal group (functional grammar)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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